finance-duck/internal/domain/model.go

package domain

// Money is an exact decimal string bounded to signed 64-bit ten-thousandths.
type Money string

// Quantity is an exact decimal string bounded to signed 64-bit
// hundred-millionths. It carries both share counts and unit prices, because
// both exceed money's four places: a reinvested distribution settles a fraction
// of a share, and a crypto unit price is quoted to six.
type Quantity string

// Account kinds. An empty kind is a cash account: the field was added after the
// journal format, and absent means the original behaviour.
const (
	AccountCash       = "cash"
	AccountInvestment = "investment"
)

type Account struct {
	ID          string `json:"id"`
	DisplayName string `json:"display_name"`
	Institution string `json:"institution"`
	Currency    string `json:"currency"`
	// Kind is "cash" or "investment". An investment account also holds
	// positions, and its facts never reach the sign-based classification
	// fallback.
	Kind              string `json:"kind,omitempty"`
	ExternalAccountID string `json:"external_account_id,omitempty"`
	IBAN              string `json:"iban,omitempty"`
	// ReferenceIBAN is the counterpart this account settles cash against: a
	// broker exports no counterparty column, so deposits and withdrawals carry
	// this IBAN instead and pair with the funding account like any transfer.
	ReferenceIBAN string `json:"reference_iban,omitempty"`
	Active        bool   `json:"active"`
}

func (a Account) Investing() bool { return a.Kind == AccountInvestment }

// Investment events. Cash events move money only; buy, sell and reinvest move
// both money and position; corporate actions and position transfers move
// position only and must never touch cash.
const (
	EventDeposit    = "deposit"
	EventWithdrawal = "withdrawal"
	EventFee        = "fee"
	EventInterest   = "interest"
	// EventTaxSettlement is a broker settling withheld tax in cash, in either
	// direction: a loss-offset pot returning tax already paid, or a
	// recalculation charging more.
	EventTaxSettlement    = "tax_settlement"
	EventDistribution     = "distribution"
	EventBuy              = "buy"
	EventSell             = "sell"
	EventReinvest         = "reinvest"
	EventCorporateAction  = "corporate_action"
	EventPositionTransfer = "position_transfer"
)

// Investment is the broker-native leg of an imported fact. Cash movement always
// stays in Facts.Amount, so a position-only event has a zero amount; Gross,
// Fee and Tax record the broker's own figures the amount was derived from.
//
// Quantity is signed: positive adds to the holding, negative removes it. The
// export signs corporate actions and position transfers in its share column but
// leaves buys and sells unsigned, so the sign is resolved at import, once.
type Investment struct {
	Event        string   `json:"event"`
	InstrumentID string   `json:"instrument_id,omitempty"`
	Quantity     Quantity `json:"quantity,omitempty"`
	Price        Quantity `json:"price,omitempty"`
	Gross        Money    `json:"gross,omitempty"`
	Fee          Money    `json:"fee,omitempty"`
	Tax          Money    `json:"tax,omitempty"`
}

// CashOnly reports an event that moves money without moving a position.
func (i Investment) CashOnly() bool {
	switch i.Event {
	case EventDeposit, EventWithdrawal, EventFee, EventInterest, EventTaxSettlement, EventDistribution:
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// PositionOnly reports an event that moves a position without moving money.
func (i Investment) PositionOnly() bool {
	return i.Event == EventCorporateAction || i.Event == EventPositionTransfer
}

// Settling reports an event that moves money and position together.
func (i Investment) Settling() bool {
	switch i.Event {
	case EventBuy, EventSell, EventReinvest:
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// Instrument is a security held in an investment account, identified by ISIN.
// The broker's description for one ISIN changes over time, so Name is editable
// display text and never an identity.
type Instrument struct {
	ID       string `json:"id"`
	ISIN     string `json:"isin"`
	Name     string `json:"name"`
	Currency string `json:"currency"`
	// Symbol is the market listing this security is quoted under. One ISIN maps
	// to several listings in different currencies, and taking the wrong one
	// silently misstates wealth, so it is chosen once by hand and never
	// guessed. Without it the holding stays unpriced.
	Symbol string `json:"symbol,omitempty"`
	// Quote is the last known unit price and QuotedAt the day it is from, both
	// filled by the daily price job and hand-editable. A quote is a rate, not
	// money: a crypto unit price needs more than money's four places.
	Quote    Quantity `json:"quote,omitempty"`
	QuotedAt string   `json:"quoted_at,omitempty"`
}

// Asset is a possession valued by hand: a house, a car, anything without a
// market feed. Value is what the owner states it is worth and ValuedAt the day
// that estimate was made, so a stale figure is visible rather than silently
// trusted. A negative value records a liability such as a mortgage.
type Asset struct {
	ID   string `json:"id"`
	Name string `json:"name"`
	// Kind is free display text grouping the asset: "Real estate", "Vehicle".
	Kind     string `json:"kind,omitempty"`
	Currency string `json:"currency"`
	Value    Money  `json:"value"`
	ValuedAt string `json:"valued_at"`
}

type Facts struct {
	ID               string `json:"id"`
	Source           string `json:"source"`
	AccountID        string `json:"account_id"`
	BookingDate      string `json:"booking_date"`
	ValueDate        string `json:"value_date,omitempty"`
	Amount           Money  `json:"amount"`
	Currency         string `json:"currency"`
	RawDescription   string `json:"raw_description"`
	ExternalID       string `json:"external_id,omitempty"`
	Fingerprint      string `json:"fingerprint"`
	Counterparty     string `json:"counterparty,omitempty"`
	CounterpartyIBAN string `json:"counterparty_iban,omitempty"`
	// Investment is present exactly on facts imported from an investment
	// account. It is bank fact data and therefore immutable.
	Investment *Investment `json:"investment,omitempty"`
}
type Provenance struct {
	Source     string `json:"source"`
	Model      string `json:"model,omitempty"`
	Confidence string `json:"confidence,omitempty"`
	Timestamp  string `json:"timestamp,omitempty"`
	Error      string `json:"error,omitempty"`
}
type Enrichment struct {
	Kind           string     `json:"kind"`
	MerchantID     string     `json:"merchant_id,omitempty"`
	CategoryID     string     `json:"category_id,omitempty"`
	TagIDs         []string   `json:"tag_ids"`
	TransferPeerID string     `json:"transfer_peer_id,omitempty"`
	Classification Provenance `json:"classification"`
}
type Transaction struct {
	Facts      Facts      `json:"facts"`
	Enrichment Enrichment `json:"enrichment"`
}
type Category struct {
	ID       string `json:"id"`
	Name     string `json:"name"`
	ParentID string `json:"parent_id,omitempty"`
	Kind     string `json:"kind"`
	Hint     string `json:"hint,omitempty"`
}
type Tag struct {
	ID   string `json:"id"`
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Hint string `json:"hint,omitempty"`
}
type Merchant struct {
	ID                string   `json:"id"`
	Name              string   `json:"name"`
	Aliases           []string `json:"aliases"`
	DefaultCategoryID string   `json:"default_category_id,omitempty"`
	DefaultTagIDs     []string `json:"default_tag_ids"`
	UseDefaults       bool     `json:"use_defaults"`
}
type Dataset struct {
	Accounts     []Account     `json:"accounts"`
	Categories   []Category    `json:"categories"`
	Tags         []Tag         `json:"tags"`
	Merchants    []Merchant    `json:"merchants"`
	Instruments  []Instrument  `json:"instruments"`
	Assets       []Asset       `json:"assets"`
	Transactions []Transaction `json:"transactions"`
}

const ExpenseFallback = "cat_expenses_unclassified"
const IncomeFallback = "cat_income_unclassified"

// KindInvestment is the enrichment kind for broker facts. Like a transfer it
// carries no category or merchant and never reaches spending analytics: money
// moving between your own cash and your own positions is not income or
// spending, and the AI must never see it.
const KindInvestment = "investment"